一般フォーラム

問題を書く場所の空白設定を一応いたしました。
※以下に示したものは私の未熟さ故に整理されておらず、乱雑ですが、一応、コンパイルすることができます。
また、作成予定写真にないものは私がさまざまなサイトを参考にさせていただいて修正して勝手に入れたものです。
残す課題としては「指針部分」のグラデーションのみ(？)です。
解答部分の枠の大きさ等も修正いたしました。
出力結果のpdfは添付いたしました。


\documentclass[dvipdfmx]{jsarticle}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\usepackage[top=25truemm,bottom=20truemm,left=20truemm,right=20truemm]{geometry}
\tcbuselibrary{skins}
\newenvironment{myitemize}{%
\begin{description}}{\end{description}}
\usepackage{tikz,tcolorbox,color}
\tcbuselibrary{skins}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\tcolorboxenvironment{myitemizet}{blanker,
before skip=6pt,after skip=12pt,
borderline west={1mm}{0pt}{black!50}}
\parindent=0pt\relax % 「Some text.」と「Mor text.」の先頭のインデントを0にする
\usepackage{enumitem}\setlist[description]{labelsep=1zw,leftmargin=2zw}
\definecolor{bluebg}{rgb}{0.5,0.7,0.84}
\definecolor{trianglebg}{rgb}{0.09,0.41,0.69}


\definecolor{brandblue}{rgb}{0.34, 0.7, 1}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{microtype}

\usepackage{roboto}

\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\tcbuselibrary{skins}

\newtcolorbox[auto counter, number within=section]{kento}{%
enhanced,
before skip=\bigskipamount, after skip=\bigskipamount,
size=minimal, left=3cm, top=3mm,right=3mm, toprule=3pt,bottom=3mm,
colframe=cyan!50!gray, colbacktitle=cyan!50!gray, colback=white!90!gray,
title={\large 検討},
attach boxed title to top left={yshift=-\tcboxedtitleheight},
center title, minipage boxed title=2.5cm,
fonttitle=\sffamily\robotocondensed\bfseries\small,
boxed title style={
size=minimal, boxsep=4pt, bottom=5mm,
frame code={
\path[fill=tcbcolback]
(frame.north west) -- ([yshift=2mm]frame.south west) --
([xshift=2mm]frame.south west) -- (frame.south east) --
(frame.north east) -- cycle;
\path[fill=white, draw=tcbcolback, line width=1pt]
([xshift=-5mm-0.5pt]frame.south east) circle [radius=5mm]
node [font=\sffamily\large] {\thetcbcounter};
},
interior engine=empty
},
frame code={
\path[fill=tcbcolframe]
(frame.north west) rectangle ([yshift=-3pt]frame.north east);
}
}

\usepackage{enumitem}

\newcommand*{\listnum}{\sffamily\robotoblack\color{cyan}}
\newcommand*{\textlistnum}[1]{%
\begingroup\listnum #1\endgroup
}

\setlist[enumerate,1]{label=\listnum\arabic*}
\setlist[enumerate,2]{label=\listnum\alph*, leftmargin=1.5em}



\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}

\usepackage{amssymb}

\usepackage{changepage}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\tcbuselibrary{most}
\tikzstyle{dashedboxone}=[dot pattern=on 1pt off .5pt]


\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}

\usepackage{pifont,times}


\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\tcbuselibrary{breakable,theorems}
%\tcbuselibrary{breakable} %%を読み込んでいます。
\usetikzlibrary{shadows}
\usepackage{varwidth}



\usepackage{blindtext}
\usepackage{fontawesome}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}


\definecolor{lightgreen}{RGB}{247,253,251}
\definecolor{newgreen}{RGB}{7,94,70}
\definecolor{bordergreen}{RGB}{101,223,190}



\newcounter{mycounter}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsfonts,tikz,enumitem}

\definecolor{col1}{RGB}{253, 181, 192}
\definecolor{col2}{RGB}{166, 72, 124}
\definecolor{col3}{RGB}{246, 66, 153}
\usepackage{pgfornament}
\tcbuselibrary{skins,hooks}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.arrows,calc,decorations.pathmorphing}
\usepackage{eso-pic}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage[tikz]{bclogo}%
\definecolor{col}{RGB}{0, 1, 226}




\definecolor{problemblue}{RGB}{100,134,158}
\definecolor{idiomsgreen}{RGB}{0,162,0}
\definecolor{exercisebgblue}{RGB}{192,232,252}



\usepackage{xparse} % seulement nécessaire si format LaTeX < 2020-10-01
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, positioning, shapes.misc}
\usepackage{lipsum} % pour le texte bidon


\newcounter{exo}



\newcommand\resetcounters{
% Reset the counters for subsection, subsubsection and the definition
% all the custom environments.
\setcounter{subsection}{0}
\setcounter{subsubsection}{0}
\setcounter{paragraph}{0}
\setcounter{subparagraph}{0}
}

\usepackage{xifthen}

\usepackage{nicematrix}
\usepackage{scalerel}
\usepackage{stackengine}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{varwidth}

\definecolor{BrickRed}{RGB}{144,44,30}


\newenvironment{niceMfbox}[3][-2mm]
{
\vspace{#1}%
\begin{center}
\begin{NiceTabular}{@{\hspace{20pt}}V{#2}@{\hspace{20pt}}}
\bfseries \large
\enspace #3\enspace \\
\RowStyle[cell-space-bottom-limit=8pt]{}
}
{
\CodeAfter
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw [line width=1pt,rounded corners,BrickRed!75!black]
(1-1) -| (last-|2) -- (last-|1) |- (1-1) ;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{NiceTabular}
\end{center}
\par \vspace{2mm}%
}


% \widetilde{} alternative for formula over the tilde - \SE
\newcommand\reallywidetilde[1]{\ThisStyle{%
\setbox0=\hbox{$\SavedStyle#1$}%
\stackengine{\LMpt}{%
\stretchto{\scaleto{\SavedStyle\mkern.2mu\sim}{.5467\wd0}}{.7\ht0}%
}{$\SavedStyle#1$%
% .2mu is the kern imbalance when clipping white space
% .5467++++ is \ht/[kerned \wd] aspect ratio for \sim glyph
}{O}{c}{F}{T}{S}%
}}

\usepackage {vwcol}
\usepackage{ceo}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\usepackage{varwidth}

\tcbuselibrary{raster} %preamble
% ページ上部の罫線を表示しない
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}

% フッターを中央（center）に表示し、内容は
% \thepageを数式モードで囲った出力とする
\cfoot{\sf\thepage}
\newcounter{reidaibangou} %%カウンタの定義
\newtcolorbox{rr}[1][]{enhanced,boxrule=0.5mm,top=8pt,left=15pt,right=4pt,bottom=2pt,arc=0mm,
colback = white,
colframe=ored,
boxrule=1pt,
underlay={
boxed title style={empty,arc=0pt,outer arc=0pt,boxrule=0pt},
underlay boxed title={
\fill[ored!45!white!50!black] ([yshift=-0.3mm]frame.north west)
-- +(-0.4,0) -- +(0,-0.3) -- cycle;}
\node[inner sep=1pt,white,fill=black!50!gray]at ([xshift=3pt,yshift=-15pt]interior.north west) {\stepcounter{reidaibangou}\bfseries\gtfamily \,指\,針\,};},
segmentation code={%
\draw[dashed] (segmentation.west)--(segmentation.east);
\node[inner sep=1pt,blue!50!black,fill=blue!10!white] at ([xshift=22pt,yshift=-8pt]segmentation.south west) {\bfseries\gtfamily 解};},
before upper={\setlength{\parindent}{1zw}},
before lower={\setlength{\parindent}{1zw}},
}
\newtcolorbox{kt}{
fonttitle=\bfseries,
enhanced,
top=0mm,
boxrule=0pt,frame empty,pad at break=0pt,bottomrule at break=0pt,toprule at break=0pt,left=0.8cm,
borderline west={0.7pt}{2pt}{red!70!white,densely dashed},
coltitle=red!50!white,
colback=white,
sharp corners,
}
\newtcolorbox{bk}{
fonttitle=\bfseries,
enhanced,
top=0mm,
boxrule=0pt,frame empty,pad at break=0pt,bottomrule at break=0pt,toprule at break=0pt,left=0.8cm,
borderline west={0.7pt}{2pt}{purple!70!white,densely dashed},
coltitle=red!50!white,
colback=white,
sharp corners,
}
\newtcolorbox{ti}{
fonttitle=\bfseries,
enhanced,
top=0mm,
boxrule=0pt,frame empty,pad at break=0pt,bottomrule at break=0pt,toprule at break=0pt,left=0.8cm,
borderline west={0.7pt}{2pt}{orange!70!white,densely dashed},
coltitle=red!50!white,
colback=white,
sharp corners,
}
\newtcolorbox{fm}{
fonttitle=\bfseries,
enhanced,
top=0mm,
boxrule=0pt,frame empty,pad at break=0pt,bottomrule at break=0pt,toprule at break=0pt,left=0.8cm,
borderline west={0.7pt}{2pt}{cyan!70!white,densely dashed},
coltitle=cyan!50!white,
colback=white,
sharp corners,
}
\newenvironment{renumerate}{\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{%
（\arabic{enumi}）}\begin{enumerate}}{\end{enumerate}}

\newcount\K
\def\ksfor#1{
\K=#1
\ifnum\K=5
\textcolor{ored}{★★★★★}
\fi
\ifnum\K=4
\textcolor{ored}{★★★★☆}
\fi
\ifnum\K=3
\textcolor{ored}{★★★☆☆}
\fi
\ifnum\K=2
\textcolor{ored}{★★☆☆☆}
\fi
\ifnum\K=1
\textcolor{ored}{★☆☆☆☆}
\fi
}

\newcounter{rens}
\setcounter{rens}{88}
\definecolor{ored}{rgb}{0.5, 0.0, 0.13}
\newcounter{reidai}
\setcounter{reidai}{52}

\newtcolorbox{chart}[2]{%
fonttitle = \gtfamily\sffamily\bfseries,
colframe = ored,
colback = white,
enhanced,
boxrule = 0.3mm,
top=2pt,
left=2pt,
right=4pt,
bottom=2pt,
arc=0mm,
title =\, \, 重要例題,
titlerule = 0mm,
after title=\hspace{4mm}{\AfterText{#1}{#2}},
boxsep=0pt,
right=0pt
}
\newcommand{\AfterText}[2]{%
\tcbox[%
on line,
boxsep=0pt,
colframe = ored!20!white,
colback = ored!20!white,
boxrule=0.3mm,
rightrule=0mm,
top=0mm,bottom=0mm,
left=2pt,
sharp corners,
]
{%
\makebox[.849\textwidth][l]{\bfseries\gtfamily \, \thereidai \relax\hspace{2pt}｜ {#1} \hfill \ksfor{#2}\relax\strut}%
}}
\usepackage{pxeverysel}
\begin{document}
\begin{chart}{おき換えの利用}{4}
\begin{tcolorbox}[colframe =white,
colback = white]
あああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああ
\end{tcolorbox}
\end{chart}
\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced,empty,left skip=0pt,right=-4.3pt,left=8pt,sharp corners, overlay={
\begin{tcbclipframe}
\fill[white] (title.south west)--++(1.3,0)--++(0,1)--++(-1.3,0)--cycle;
\draw[white,line width=0.3cm](frame.north west)--(frame.south west);
\end{tcbclipframe}}]\vspace{-6.3mm}
\begin{rr}
あああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああ
\end{rr}
\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced,empty,left skip=-3pt,left=0.5pt,coltitle=red!70!white,title={\bf \small\,解\,答},sharp corners, overlay={
\begin{tcbclipframe}
\fill[red!10!white] (title.south west)--++(0.94,0)--++(0,0.48)--++(-1,0)--cycle;
\draw[white,line width=0.2cm](frame.north west)--(frame.south west);
\end{tcbclipframe}}]\vspace{-0.35cm}
\begin{kt}
あああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああ
\end{kt}\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced,empty,left skip=-3pt,left=0.5pt,coltitle=purple!70!white,title={\bf \small\,別\,解},sharp corners, overlay={
\begin{tcbclipframe}
\fill[purple!10!white] (title.south west)--++(0.94,0)--++(0,0.48)--++(-1,0)--cycle;
\draw[white,line width=0.2cm](frame.north west)--(frame.south west);
\end{tcbclipframe}}]\vspace{-0.35cm}
\begin{bk}
あああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああ
\end{bk}\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced,empty,left skip=0pt,left=5pt, coltitle=white,title={\bf \,確\,認},sharp corners, overlay={
\begin{tcbclipframe}
\fill[purple] (title.south west)--++(1.3,0)--++(0,1)--++(-1.3,0)--cycle;
\draw[gray,line width=0.2cm](frame.north west)--(frame.south west);
\end{tcbclipframe}}]
あああああああああああああああああああああ
\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced,empty,left skip=-3pt,left=0.5pt,coltitle=cyan!70!white,title={\bf \small\,発\,展},sharp corners, overlay={
\begin{tcbclipframe}
\fill[cyan!10!white] (title.south west)--++(0.94,0)--++(0,0.48)--++(-1,0)--cycle;
\draw[white,line width=0.2cm](frame.north west)--(frame.south west);
\end{tcbclipframe}}]\vspace{-0.35cm}
\begin{fm}
あああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああ
\end{fm}\end{tcolorbox}

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced,empty,left skip=-3pt,left=0.5pt,coltitle=orange!70!white,title={\bf \small\,注\,意},sharp corners, overlay={
\begin{tcbclipframe}
\fill[orange!10!white] (title.south west)--++(0.94,0)--++(0,0.48)--++(-1,0)--cycle;
\draw[white,line width=0.2cm](frame.north west)--(frame.south west);
\end{tcbclipframe}}]\vspace{-0.35cm}
\begin{ti}
あああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああ
\end{ti}\end{tcolorbox}
\end{tcolorbox}

\begin{niceMfbox}[+1mm]{13cm}{\reallywidetilde{\vphantom{p}Essence\ldots}}%
あああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああ
\end{niceMfbox}
\begin{kento}
ああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああ
\end{kento}
\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced,empty,left skip=0pt,left=5pt, coltitle=teal!20!blue!20!black,title={\bf \,練\,習},sharp corners, overlay={
\begin{tcbclipframe}
\fill[teal!20!blue!20!white] (title.south west)--++(1.3,0)--++(0,1)--++(-1.3,0)--cycle;
\draw[teal!20!blue!20!gray,line width=0.2cm](frame.north west)--(frame.south west);
\end{tcbclipframe}}]
ああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああああ
\end{tcolorbox}

\end{document}

下のリストはタイプセットできますか？

\documentclass[dvipdfmx]{jarticle}
\usepackage{graphicx,color}
\usepackage[notMy]{emath}
\let\Re\undefined
\let\Im\undefined
\let\degree\undefined
\usepackage{tegaki}%
\begin{document}
簡単な数式
\[
\int e^x\cos x\;dx=\bd{\dfrac{1}{2}e^x(\cos x+\sin x)+C}
\]
\end{document}