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【参考 1】The TeXbook, p. 363 (Appendix B: Basic Control Sequences)
The \footnote macro has a few subtle features that can best be appreciated
by someone who reads Chapter 15 very carefully. It also uses some \bgroup and
\futurelet and \aftergroup trickery, so that the footnote text does not need to be a
parameter to \vfootnote: