\documentclass[uplatex,dvipdfmx,10pt]{jsarticle}
\usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx}
\usepackage[dvipdfmx]{xcolor}
\begin{document}
あいうえお \includegraphics[width=5cm]{別画像.png} あいうえお
\end{document}
ログ
This is ptex2pdf[.lua] version 20200520.0.
Processing 不具合.tex
This is e-upTeX, Version 3.141592653-p3.9.0-u1.27-210218-2.6 (utf8.uptex) (TeX Live 2021) (preloaded format=uplatex)
restricted \write18 enabled.
entering extended mode
(./不具合.tex
pLaTeX2e <2021-11-15u04> (based on LaTeX2e <2021-11-15> patch level 1)
L3 programming layer <2021-11-22>
(/usr/local/TeXLive/2021/texmf-dist/tex/platex/jsclasses/jsarticle.cls
Document Class: jsarticle 2021/06/28 jsclasses (okumura, texjporg)
(/usr/local/TeXLive/2021/texmf-dist/tex/platex/jsclasses/jslogo.sty))
(/usr/local/TeXLive/2021/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphicx.sty
(/usr/local/TeXLive/2021/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/keyval.sty)
(/usr/local/TeXLive/texmf-local/tex/uplatex/graphics.sty
(/usr/local/TeXLive/2021/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/trig.sty)
(/usr/local/TeXLive/2021/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics-cfg/graphics.cfg)
(/usr/local/TeXLive/2021/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics-def/dvipdfmx.def)))
(/usr/local/TeXLive/2021/texmf-dist/tex/latex/xcolor/xcolor.sty
(/usr/local/TeXLive/2021/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics-cfg/color.cfg))
(/usr/local/TeXLive/2021/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3backend/l3backend-dvipdfmx.def
(|extractbb --version)) (./不具合.aux))
Runaway argument?
"別画像.png" \edef \Gin@ext {\Gin@sepdefault \filename@ext }\ifx \Gin@ext \E
TC.
! File ended while scanning use of \@tempa.
<inserted text>
\par
<*> 不具合.tex
?
PDFは出力されていますが，上のエラーとともに，前と同様画像の出力のみがなされないという状況です．
PDFデータも添付させてもらいます．
長々と申し訳ありません．