こちらは、WindowsのWSLの ubuntu (Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS) です。
お示しになったスクリプトで Segmentation fault は再現しません。
makeindex, mendex, upmendex のversionは以下。
This is makeindex, version 2.15 [TeX Live 2022/dev] (kpathsea + Thai support).
This is mendex version 3.5 [13-Jun-2021] (utf8.uptex) (TeX Live 2022/dev).
This is upmendex version 0.57 [ICU 70.1] (TeX Live 2022/dev).
This is mendex version 3.8 [09-Feb-2025] (utf8.uptex) (TeX Live 2026/dev).
This is upmendex version 1.20 [ICU 76.1] (TeX Live 2026/dev).
お示しになったスクリプトで Segmentation fault は再現しません。
makeindex, mendex, upmendex のversionは以下。
This is makeindex, version 2.15 [TeX Live 2022/dev] (kpathsea + Thai support).
This is mendex version 3.5 [13-Jun-2021] (utf8.uptex) (TeX Live 2022/dev).
This is upmendex version 0.57 [ICU 70.1] (TeX Live 2022/dev).
This is mendex version 3.8 [09-Feb-2025] (utf8.uptex) (TeX Live 2026/dev).
This is upmendex version 1.20 [ICU 76.1] (TeX Live 2026/dev).