upLaTeX・tcolorboxで作ってみたのですが, いかがでしょうか。(※三角囲みについては少しアレンジしてしまいましたが…)
※LuaLaTeXでは横組だけでなく縦組にも対応(CloudLaTeXで確認)。
\documentclass[dvipdfmx]{jlreq}
\usepackage{tikz,tcolorbox,varwidth,multicol}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\tcbuselibrary{xparse,hooks,skins,breakable}
\tcbset{tcbox raise base}
\DeclareTCBox{\対比}{}{
enhanced,colback=white,colframe=white,nobeforeafter,
top=0mm,bottom=0mm,right=0mm,left=0mm,
underlay={
\path[fill=lightgray!50,draw=black]([xshift=2mm]frame.north west)--([xshift=2mm,yshift=-1.5mm]frame.north west)--([xshift=-2mm,yshift=-1.5mm]frame.north east)--([xshift=-2mm]frame.north east)--($(frame.north east)!0.5!(frame.south east)$)--([xshift=-2mm]frame.south east)--([xshift=-2mm,yshift=1.5mm]frame.south east)--([xshift=2mm,yshift=1.5mm]frame.south west)--([xshift=2mm]frame.south west)--($(frame.north west)!0.5!(frame.south west)$)--cycle;
}
}
\DeclareTCBox{\原因}{}{
enhanced,colback=white,colframe=white,nobeforeafter,
top=-1mm,bottom=-1mm,right=-0.5mm,left=-1mm,
underlay={
\path[fill=lightgray!50,draw=black](frame.north west)--([xshift=-2mm]frame.north east)--($(frame.north east)!0.5!(frame.south east)$)--([xshift=-2mm]frame.south east)--(frame.south west)--cycle;
}
}
\DeclareTCBox{\結果}{}{
enhanced,colback=white,colframe=white,nobeforeafter,
top=-1mm,bottom=-1mm,right=-1mm,left=-0.5mm,
underlay={
\path[fill=lightgray!50,draw=black](frame.north east)--([xshift=2mm]frame.north west)--($(frame.north west)!0.5!(frame.south west)$)--([xshift=2mm]frame.south west)--(frame.south east)--cycle;
}
}
\begin{document}
\対比{しかし}・\原因{したがって}・\結果{なぜならば}
\end{document}