名前: M. ABE 日時: 2002-11-11 16:40:56 IPアドレス: 133.95.91.*
>>12763 以下のサンプル中の曲がった矢印はずいぶん前に作ったものです. これでもよければお使い下さい. % begin ------------------------------------------ % file name: sample.tex % typeset by pLaTeX2e % ------------------------------------------------ \DeclareFontShape{JY1}{mc}{m}{n}{<->s*[0.961]jis}{} \DeclareFontShape{JY1}{gt}{m}{n}{<->s*[0.961]jisg}{} % ------------------------------------------------ \documentclass[a4paper, 10pt]{jarticle} \usepackage{amsfonts, amsmath, amssymb} % \usepackage{mathptmx} % \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} % ------------------------------------------------ \pagestyle{empty} % ------------------------------------------------ \newcommand{\E}{\mathrm{e}} \newcommand{\qed}{\ifmmode\else\leavevmode\unskip\penalty9999 \hbox{}\nobreak\hfill\fi\quad\hbox{□}} % ------------------------------------------------ \makeatletter \newcommand{\ccinc}{\ifx\@currsize\small \setlength{\unitlength}{1.1pt} \begin{picture}(10,10)(1,2) \put(1,2){\line(0,1){3}} \put(5,5){\oval(8,8)[lt]} \put(5,9){\vector(1,0){4}} \end{picture}\else \setlength{\unitlength}{1.2pt} \begin{picture}(10,10)(1,2) \put(1,2){\line(0,1){3}} \put(5,5){\oval(8,8)[lt]} \put(5,9){\vector(1,0){4}} \end{picture}\fi} \newcommand{\cvinc}{\ifx\@currsize\small \setlength{\unitlength}{1.1pt} \begin{picture}(10,10)(2,1) \put(2,1){\line(1,0){3}} \put(5,5){\oval(8,8)[rb]} \put(9,5){\vector(0,1){4}} \end{picture}\else \setlength{\unitlength}{1.2pt} \begin{picture}(10,10)(2,1) \put(2,1){\line(1,0){3}} \put(5,5){\oval(8,8)[rb]} \put(9,5){\vector(0,1){4}} \end{picture}\fi} \newcommand{\ccdec}{\ifx\@currsize\small \setlength{\unitlength}{1.1pt} \begin{picture}(10,10)(2,1) \put(2,9){\line(1,0){3}} \put(5,5){\oval(8,8)[rt]} \put(9,5){\vector(0,-1){4}} \end{picture}\else \setlength{\unitlength}{1.2pt} \begin{picture}(10,10)(2,1) \put(2,9){\line(1,0){3}} \put(5,5){\oval(8,8)[rt]} \put(9,5){\vector(0,-1){4}} \end{picture}\fi} \newcommand{\cvdec}{\ifx\@currsize\small \setlength{\unitlength}{1.1pt} \begin{picture}(10,10)(1,0) \put(1,8){\line(0,-1){3}} \put(5,5){\oval(8,8)[lb]} \put(5,1){\vector(1,0){4}} \end{picture}\else \setlength{\unitlength}{1.2pt} \begin{picture}(10,10)(1,0) \put(1,8){\line(0,-1){3}} \put(5,5){\oval(8,8)[lb]} \put(5,1){\vector(1,0){4}} \end{picture}\fi} \makeatother % ------------------------------------------------ \newtheorem{reidai}{例題} \newenvironment{answer} {\begin{trivlist}\item[\hskip\labelsep\textbf{解}]} {\end{trivlist}} % ------------------------------------------------ \begin{document} % ------------------------------------------------ 増減と凹凸を調べることは関数のグラフを描くために利用される. 次の例題\ref{reidai:01}の表において, \cvinc[\ccinc]は単調増加かつ下に凸[上に凸], \cvdec[\ccdec]は単調減少かつ下に凸[上に凸]を示す記号である. \begin{reidai}\label{reidai:01} 関数 $y = x \E^{x}$ の極限,増減,極値,凹凸,変曲点を調べ, グラフの概形を描け. \end{reidai} \begin{answer} $y' = 1 \cdot \E^{x} + x \E^{x} = (x + 1) \E^{x}$, $y'' = 1 \cdot \E^{x} + (x + 1) \E^{x} = (x + 2) \E^{x}$, $\displaystyle \lim_{x \to + \infty} \, y = + \infty$. また,ロピタルの定理より, $\displaystyle \lim_{x \to - \infty} \, y = \lim_{x \to - \infty} \, \frac{x}{\E^{- x}} = \lim_{x \to - \infty} \, \frac{1}{- \E^{- x}} = \lim_{x \to - \infty} \, (- \E^{x}) = 0$. 次の表は関数 $y = x \E^{x}$ の極限,増減,極値,凹凸,変曲点を まとめて書いたものである. \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c||c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline $x$ & $-\infty$ & & $-2$ & & $-1$ & & $+\infty$ \\ \hline $y'$ & & $-$ & $-$ & $-$ & $0$ & $+$ & \\ \hline $y''$ & & $-$ & $0$ & $+$ & $+$ & $+$ & \\ \hline $y$ & $0$ & \ccdec & $- \frac{2}{\E^{2}}$ & \cvdec & $- \frac{1}{\E}$ & \cvinc & $+\infty$ \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{~} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\footnotesize 変曲点} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{~} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\footnotesize 極小} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{~} \end{tabular} \end{center} グラフの概形は次のようになる(図は省略). \qed \end{answer} % ------------------------------------------------ \end{document} % end --------------------------------------------
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